Establishment and validation of a new predictive equation with multiple risk factors for the development of cardiorenal syndrome type 1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the independent risk factors of cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (CRS1) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to build a predictive equation for the development of CRS1 in these patients. Method: Consecutive inpatients with AMI, who hospitalized from January 2017 to December 2018 in the Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, were enrolled in this case-control study. Patients were divided into CRS1 group and non-CRS1 group according to the presence or absence of CRS1.The clinical data were collected through the electronic medical record system of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital. The matching process was conducted with a minimum-distance scoring method and a 1∶1 match between the CRS1 group and the no-CRS1 group, the propensity score was calculated through the logistic regression model. Factors with statistically significant differences in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression model to analyze the risk factors of AMI patients with CRS1, then the independent risk factors were used to establish a predicting equation for CRS1 by logistic regression function for model building. Area under the curve (AUC) value and the best cut-off value of the combined predictors was determined according to the ROC curve. Python 3.8 software was used to perform 10-fold cross-validation on modeling samples. Results: A total of 942 patients were included, there were 113 cases in CRS1 group and 829 cases in non-CRS1 group. Ultimately, 99 CRS1 patients were successfully matched to 99 non-CRS1 patient using 1∶1 matching. After propensity score matching, the baseline age and sex along with heart rate, mean arterial pressure, percentage of people with a history of diabetes, hypertension, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia time, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers use, and β receptor blocker use were similar between the two groups(all P>0.05). The contrast agent dosage was also similar between the two groups (P=0.266). The peak cardiac troponin I (cTnI), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP), white blood cell count, base estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin and hemoglobin levels were statistically significant between the two groups (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that decreased baseline eGFR, increased NT-proBNP, peak cTnI concentrations and white blood cell count were independent risk factors of CRS1 in AMI patients (all P<0.01).The predicting equation of the combined predictor was established by transforming the logistic model equation, L=0.031×cTnI+0.000 2×NT-proBNP-0.024×eGFR+0.254×white blood cell count, where L represented the combined predictor. ROC curve analysis indicated that the AUC of the peak cTnI, NT-proBNP, baseline eGFR, white blood cell count, and combined predictor were 0.76, 0.85, 0.79, 0.81, and 0.92 respectively (all P<0.05), and the cutoff value of combined predictor was 2.6. The AUC of ROC curve after the model's ten-fold cross validation was 0.89. Conclusions: Decreased baseline eGFR, increased NT-proBNP, peak cTnI concentrations and white blood cell count are the independent risk factors for CRS1 in AMI patients. The combined predictor equation based on the above 4 biomarkers presents a good predictive value for CRS1 in AMI patients.

Hypouricemic and nephroprotective effects of total flavonoids from the residue of supercritical CO[2] extraction of Humulus lupulus in potassium oxonate-induced mice

Total flavonoids of Humulus lupulus [TFHL] were prepared using ethanol extraction, liquid-liquid partition and purification with polyamide resin. Different dose of TFHL were orally administered to normal and hyperuricemic mice for 7 days. The xanthine oxidase [XOD] inhibitory activity and hypouricemic effects of TFHL on potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice were examined. The TFHL showed very potent XOD inhibitory activity with IC[50]=66.8 micro g/mL. At a single oral dose of 100mg/kg TFHL, the serum uric acid levels of hyperuricemic mice significantly decreased [P<0.01] compared with a hyperuricemic control group, and the XOD activity was inhibited by 22%. Moreover, TFHL has a protective role against potassium oxonate-induced renal damage in mice. The results suggested that TFHL could be used as a promising drug or ingredient for treatment of hyperuricemia and gout

Pleurotus nebrodensis polysaccharide (PN-S) enhances the immunity of immunosuppressed mice / 中国天然药物

In the present study, the effects of Pleurotus nebrodensis polysaccharide (PN-S) on the immune functions of immunosuppressed mice were determined. The immunosuppressed mouse model was established by treating the mice with cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg/2d, CY) through intraperitoneal injection. The results showed that PN-S administration significantly reversed the CY-induced weight loss, increased the thymic and splenic indices, and promoted proliferation of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, and macrophages. PN-S also enhanced the activity of natural killer cells and increased the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in the serum. In addition, PN-S treatment significantly increased the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. PN-S also increased the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ), and nitric oxide (NOS) in splenocytes. qRT-PCR results also indicated that PN-S increased the mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ, and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the splenocytes. These results suggest that PN-S treatment enhances the immune function of immunosuppressed mice. This study may provide a basis for the application of this fungus in adjacent immunopotentiating therapy against cancer and in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.

The polysaccharide isolated from Pleurotus nebrodensis (PN-S) shows immune-stimulating activity in RAW264.7 macrophages / 中国天然药物

A novel Pleurotus nebrodensis polysaccharide (PN-S) was purified and characterized, and its immune-stimulating activity was evaluated in RAW264.7 macrophages. PN-S induced the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by the MTT assay. After exposure to PN-S, the phagocytosis of the macrophages was significantly improved, with remarkable changes in morphology being observed. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that PN-S promoted RAW264.7 cells to progress through S and G2/M phases. PN-S treatment enhanced the productions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO), interferon gamma (INF-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the macrophages, with up-regulation of mRNA expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interferon gamma(INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) being observed in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by qRT-PCR. In conclusion, these results suggest that the purified PN-S can improve immunity by activating macrophages.

Dose-volume histogram analysis on radiation-induced pneumonitis after pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer / 肿瘤

Objective: To identify the predictive parameters and threshold values for thoracic radiationinduced pneumonitis after complete pneumonectomy for NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer). Methods: Forty-four consecutive patients with NSCLC were enrolled prospectively in this study between April 2007 and October 2010. All patients underwent thoracic radiotherapy (three-dimension conformal radiotherapy or intensity-modulated radiotherapy) after pneumonectomy. Lung dosimetric parameters such as MLD (mean lung dose) and percentage of lung volume receiving 5 Gy or more (V5), V10, V15, V 20 and V30 were recorded. The relevance of these parameters and radiation-induced pneumonitis was assessed by ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve to pick up the more predictive parameters and also to set up the threshold limit values. Results: Of the 44 patients, 13 patients (29.5%) developed grade 2 or greater radiation-induced pneumonitis; among the 13 patients, 4 developed grade 3 radiation-induced pneumonitis. No patients developed grade 4 or 5 pneumonitis. The median time from the end of radiotherapy to the onset of pneumonitis was 2 months. All the cases of pneumonitis were diagnosed within 9 months, and 84.6% (11/13) were confirmed within 6 months after radiotherapy. Three parameters with the largest area under the ROC curve were V5 (0.824), MLD (0.806) and V10 (0.801). The threshold values of the 3 parameters were calculated to be 21.5%, 450 cGy and 8.5%, respectively. As for the 4 patients with grade 3 pneumonitis, the MLD<800 cGy (804-887cGy), V5 < 30% (28%-42%) and V10<20% (20%-36%). Conclusion: It is safe and feasible to give radiation therapy to thorax after pneumonectomy. To avoid pneumonitis of grade 2 or more, it is recommended that the dose to the contralateral lung should be constrained as V5 < 21.5% (sensitivity 78.6%, specificity 84.6%), MLD < 450 cGy (sensitivity 79.6%, specificity 65.4%) and V10 < 8.5% (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 61.5%). To avoid severe pneumonitis of grade 3 or more, the MLD of the contralateral lung should be limited below 800 cGy. © 2012 by Tumor.

Induction of nucleoside phosphorylase in Enterobacter aerogenes and enzymatic synthesis of adenine arabinoside / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Nucleoside phosphorylases (NPases) were found to be induced in Enterobacter aerogenes DGO-04, and cytidine and cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP) were the best inducers. Five mmol/L to fifteen mmol/L cytidine or CMP could distinctly increase the activities of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase), uridine phosphorylase (UPase) and thymidine phosphorylase (TPase) when they were added into medium from 0 to 8 h. In the process of enzymatic synthesis of adenine arabinoside from adenine and uracil arabinoside with wet cells of Enterobacter aerogenes DGO-04 induced by cytidine or CMP, the reaction time could be shortened from 36 to 6 h. After enzymatic reaction the activity of NPase in the cells induced remained higher than that in the cells uninduced.

Study Progress of Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutas——From Gene to Function / 现代生物医学进展

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)(EC 1.15.1.1)is a metalloenzyme that is found in almost all organisms and catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anion radical to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Three unique and highly compartmentalized mammalian SOD have been biochemically and molecularly characterized to date: Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD, SOD1), MnSOD (Manganese Superoxide Dismutase, SOD2)and EC-SOD (Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase, SOD3). Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD, SOD1)is a copper and zinc-containing homodimer that is found almost exclusively in intracellular cytoplasmic spaces. CuZnSOD is widely distributed and comprises about 90% of the total SOD. Cytoplasmic and periplasmic SOD exists as dimers,whereas chloroplastic and extracellular enzymes exist as tetramers. Structure supports independent functional evolution in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. CuZnSOD are thought to protect the brain, lungs, and other tissues from oxidative stress. This paper reviewed the gene, molecular and chemical structure and biological function of CuZnSOD.

Study Progress of Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutas——From Gene to Function / 现代生物医学进展

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)(EC 1.15.1.1)is a metalloenzyme that is found in almost all organisms and catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anion radical to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Three unique and highly compartmentalized mammalian SOD have been biochemically and molecularly characterized to date: Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD, SOD1), MnSOD (Manganese Superoxide Dismutase, SOD2)and EC-SOD (Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase, SOD3). Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD, SOD1)is a copper and zinc-containing homodimer that is found almost exclusively in intracellular cytoplasmic spaces. CuZnSOD is widely distributed and comprises about 90% of the total SOD. Cytoplasmic and periplasmic SOD exists as dimers,whereas chloroplastic and extracellular enzymes exist as tetramers. Structure supports independent functional evolution in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. CuZnSOD are thought to protect the brain, lungs, and other tissues from oxidative stress. This paper reviewed the gene, molecular and chemical structure and biological function of CuZnSOD.

Studies on relationship between the expression of hTNF-alpha gene and photosynthesis in Anabaena sp. IB02 / 生物工程学报

The effects of illumination on growth of Anabaena sp. IB02 and hTNF-alpha expression were studied. Photosynthetic activity, PS I and PS II activity of Anabaena sp. IB02 were assayed. Illumination enhanced the growth of Anabaena sp. IB02 and hTNF-a expression. Some relations were observed between hTNF-alpha expression and ture photosynthesis activity, PS I, PS II activity of Anabaena sp. IB02. Significant differences of the photosynthetic activity of host were detected simultaneously when hTNF-a expressed: the respiration rate increased (-68%), the light saturation point descended (+66%), all these suggested that the metabolic charge of host were increased and grow faster than wild type under low illumination.

The breeding and culture condition optimization of a high-biomass, selenium-enriched yeast strain / 生物工程学报

The yeast fusant ZFF-28, which is high in biomass production and rich in selenium, was constructed after mutagenesis and protoplasts fusion between yeast strains. The total selenium content of ZFF-28 is 1.8 and 1.0 times higher than that of the parental strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae ZY-67 and Saccharomyces kluyveri SZY-198 respectively. Using single factor tests and a L16(4(3) x 2(1)) orthogonal design, the cultivation conditions was optimized as: 50mL culture in 250mL shake flasks in molasses containing 6% sugar and 60microg/mL Se at 28 degree C for 25h at 220 r/min, with the initial pH adjusted to 6.0 - 6.5. Under the optimized conditions, the biomass (dry weight) reached 8.2g/L and the Se content of the cells reached 2050microg/g, with organic and inorganic Se contents being 91% and 9% respectively.

The Effect of Dissolved Oxygen Tension on the Fermentation of D-ribose / 微生物学通报

After comparing the varieties of parameters in batch culture under different dissolved oxygen tension by Bacillus pumilus, we found that the demand of cell on oxygen in different phase isn' t consistent. Based on the analys is of the metabolic pathway of oxygen and the mechanism of the effect of dissolved oxygen tension on fermentation of D-ribose, a two-stage oxygen-supply control mode was proposed and experimentally proved to be available. High ribose yield and high glucose consumption rate were achieved during whole process for 44h, and the ultimate ribose concentration and cell concentration were 5.0% and 18.8% higher than former respectively.